Order (Gymnodiniales) & Family: Cell body without theca (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Family (Gymnodiniidae): Motile stage dominates life cycle; essentially athecate (or with very numerous thin thecal plates); well-developed cingulum (Illustrated Guide, 1985).
Genus: Cingulum (horizontal groove) located at the center of the body (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977). Cingulum more or less median; sulcus straight (Illrustrated Guide, 1985).

->> Description at WPRNO

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Chloroplasts blue-green in color
G. aeruginosum 41 x 31 μm Okubo Ryoke Akigase park Saitama, 2005	G. aeruginosum ? 24 x 18 μm Jizoh-bori Sannoh Park Saitama, 2005	G. aeruginosum ? 29 x 20 μm Imori pond Myoko highland Niigata, 2004	G. aeruginosum ? 29 x 17 μm Banpaku memorial p. Tsukuba Ibaraki, 2006
Gymnodinium sp. 33 x 23 μm Banpaku memorial p. Tsukuba Ibaraki, 2006
Chloroplasts yellow - brown in color
G. carinatum 39 x 25 μm Handa numa Tochigi, 1999	G. paradoxum μm Mizuko Fujimi Saitama, 2003	G. paradoxum ? 36 x 32 μm 44 x 40 μm Kodanuki marsh Fujinomiya Shizuoka, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 40 x 37 μm Mida-ga-hara Gassan Yamagata, 2005
G. paradoxum ? 34 x 26 μm Handa numa Tochigi, 1999	G. paradoxum ? 33 x 30 μm Hanasaki water p. Kazo Saitama, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 31 x 24 μm Shimo-no-koike Shiga highland Nagano, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 31 x 27 μm Japan, 199?
G. paradoxum ? 30 x 24 μm Tanohara marsh Shiga highland Nagano, 2004	G. paradoxum ? 25 x 23 μm Mizuko Fujimi Saitama, 2004	G. paradoxum ? 24 x 19 μm Ushidome-ike Norikura highland Nagano, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 37 x 30 μm Ohnuma Nasu-shiobara Tochigi, 2007
G. paradoxum ? 25 x 21 μm Komado marsh Showa & Tajima Fukushima, 2004	G. paradoxum ? 23 x 19 μm 26 x 24 μm near Karakemi m. Omachi Nagano, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 23 x 19 μm kenko-fukushi m.p. Koshigaya Saitama, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 22 x 20 μm Ikenokochi marsh Tsuruga Fukui, 2004
G. paradoxum ? 21 x 19 μm near Toda bridge Itabashi-ku Tokyo, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 20 x 19 μm nature obs. p. Kitamoto Saitama, 2005	G. paradoxum ? 20 x 17 μm Tanohara marsh Shiga highland Nagano, 2004	G. paradoxum ? 18 x 15 μm Kawaguchi Natural p. Kawaguchi Saitama, 2005
Gymnodinium sp. ? 50 x 41 μm Kowashimizu Suwa Nagano, 2005	Gymnodinium sp. 21 x 18 μm Kitamoto n.o.p. Kitamoto Saitama, 2006
Chloroplasts absent
G. veris 17 x 18 μm Saitama, 1999	G. veris ? 17 x 12 μm Ikenokochi marsh Tsuruga Fukui, 2004	Gymnodinium sp. 35 x 35 μm Nanbata castle p. Fujimi Saitama, 2005
G. ordinatum 13 x 10 μm Senjo-ga-hara Nikko Tochigi, 2003	G. ordinatum ? chloroplast absent ? 17 x 13 μm Akigase Park Saitama, 2002	G. ordinatum ? chloroplast absent ? 20 x 17 μm Japan, 199?
Gymnodinium sp. ? or Glenodinium ? 20 x 16 μm Japan, 199?

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