 
 
Oligohymenophorea
(formerly Nassophorea): Peniculida: Frontoniina: Frontoniidae
Frontonia leucas
(Ehrenberg, 1833) Ehrenberg, 1838
|  Genus: Postoral kineties usually to left of oral poykinetids (Illustrated Guide, 1985).  
Left edge is more curved than right edge; cytopharynx with numerous strong fibrils; ectoplasm with 
numerous fusiform trichocysts; macronucleus oval; one to several micronulei (Kudo, 1966). Species: 150-600 μm long; ventrally flattened; 
dark colored; buccal cavity close to anterior end (How to know the protozoa, 1979).
Elongate 150-600 μm long; 
anterior is not wider than posterior; cytostome small with well defined pre- and postoral suture; 
a large macronucleus with three micronuclei; single contractile vacuole with 12 
radiating canals; many trichocysts (Carey, 1992).  
Cell body 150-600 μm long (Kahl, 1930).
 | 
Similar Genus --> Disematostoma
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?, 
cell body 800 μm long, 240 μm wide, 
x 100, x 200, x 400, Japan, 199? by Y. Tsukii
 200 μm
 200 μm
 400 μm
 400 μm
 600 μm; x 100:
 600 μm; x 100: 
 100 μm
 100 μm
 200 μm
 200 μm
 300 μm; x 200
 300 μm; x 200
 
 
 
 
 x 400, x 640
 50 μm
 50 μm
 100 μm
 100 μm
 150 μm; x 400 :
 150 μm; x 400 : 
 31 μm
 31 μm
 63 μm
 63 μm
 94 μm; x 640
 94 μm; x 640
 
 
 
x 640, close views of cytostome at different focus
 31 μm
 31 μm
 63 μm
 63 μm
 94 μm; x 640
 94 μm; x 640
 
 
 
 
 
 
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?, 
cell body 700 μm long, 288 μm wide, 
x 100, x 200
 200 μm
 200 μm
 400 μm
 400 μm
 600 μm; x 100:
 600 μm; x 100: 
 100 μm
 100 μm
 200 μm
 200 μm
 300 μm; x 200
 300 μm; x 200
 
 
Side view of cytostome, x 400
 50 μm
 50 μm
 100 μm
 100 μm
 150 μm; x 400
 150 μm; x 400
 
 
 
 
Food vacuoles, ingested organism, Oscillatoria sp.
 
 
 
 
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?, 
cell body 540 μm long, 152 μm wide, 
x 100
 200 μm
 200 μm
 400 μm
 400 μm
 600 μm; x 100
 600 μm; x 100
 
 
 
Frontonia leucas ?, stock Skk ?, 
cell body 540 μm long, 240 μm wide, 
Koaze river (Mizutori-no-sato Park), Kawagoe city, Saitama Pref., Japan, March 2002 by Y. Tsukii
x 100, x 200, x 400, x 640
 200 μm
 200 μm
 400 μm
 400 μm
 600 μm; x 100:
 600 μm; x 100: 
 100 μm
 100 μm
 200 μm
 200 μm
 300 μm; x 200
 300 μm; x 200
 
 
 
 
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