 
 
Oligohymenophorea
(formerly Nassophorea): Peniculida: Frontoniina: Frontoniidae
Frontonia leucas
(Ehrenberg, 1833) Ehrenberg, 1838
|  Genus: Postoral kineties usually to left of oral poykinetids (Illustrated Guide, 1985).  
Left edge is more curved than right edge; cytopharynx with numerous strong fibrils; ectoplasm with 
numerous fusiform trichocysts; macronucleus oval; one to several micronulei (Kudo, 1966). Species: 150-600 μm long; ventrally flattened; 
dark colored; buccal cavity close to anterior end (How to know the protozoa, 1979).
Elongate 150-600 μm long; 
anterior is not wider than posterior; cytostome small with well defined pre- and postoral suture; 
a large macronucleus with three micronuclei; single contractile vacuole with 12 
radiating canals; many trichocysts (Carey, 1992).  
Cell body 150-600 μm long (Kahl, 1930).
 | 
Similar Genus --> Disematostoma
Frontonia leucas,stock Nnm-1, 
cell body 280-312 μm long, 96 μm wide, 
cytostome about 40 μm long, fed on Chlorogonium fusiforme, 
x 100, x 200, x 400, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., Japan, May 2001, collected by N. Kinoshita, photo by Y. Tsukii
 50 μm
 50 μm
 100 μm
 100 μm
 150 μm; x 400
 150 μm; x 400
 
 
 
 
 
Frontonia leucas, stock Nnm-1, 
cell body 280 μm long, 120 μm wide, 
a single macronucleus ellipsoidal, 60 μm long, 30 μm wide, 
trichocysts 8 μm long, 1 μm wide,  cytostome 40 μm long, 
x 100, x 200, x 400, x 640, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., Japan,  2001 by Y. Tsukii
 50 μm
 50 μm
 100 μm
 100 μm
 150 μm; x 400
 150 μm; x 400
 
 
 
 
 31 μm
 31 μm
 63 μm
 63 μm
 94 μm; x 640
 94 μm; x 640
 
 
 
Frontonia leucas, stock Nnm-1, 
cell body 320 μm long, 100 μm wide, 
x 100, x 200, x 400, x 640, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref.,  2001 by Y. Tsukii
 50 μm
 50 μm
 100 μm
 100 μm
 150 μm; x 400
 150 μm; x 400
 
 
 
 
Cytostome, x 640
 31 μm
 31 μm
 63 μm
 63 μm
 94 μm; x 640
 94 μm; x 640
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractile vacouole pore and radial canals
 31 μm
 31 μm
 63 μm
 63 μm
 94 μm; x 640
 94 μm; x 640
 
 
 
 
 
Contractile vacouole pore, 
cell body 280 μm long, 110 μm wide, 
x 100, x 200, x 400, x 640
 
 
 
 
 
Macronucleus 63 μm long, 27 μm wide, with micronuclei, x 640
 
 
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