Family: Unicells or cells loosely attached forming hyphae; cell body varied in shape, a constriction at the center in most species; cell walls consisting of two or more parts, with small pores and various ornaments (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Genus: Variable in shape; strong constriction at center; semicell ellipsoidal, polygonal, etc.; cell wall with simple or branching spines, most of them laterally aligned; 4 plate-like chloroplasts in each semicell; one or more pyrenoids in each chloroplast (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
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X. antilopaeum
12 samples
50-71 x 51-61 μm
1998- 2008
X. antilopaeum
v. polymazum
67 x 58 μm
USA, 1999
X. armatum
21 samples
113-135 x μm
2004-2008
X. armatum ?
69 x 56 μm
Watarase
Tochigi, 2001
X. cristatum
var. leiodermum
54 x 36 μm
USA, 1999
X. cristatum
var. uncinatum
μm
Ohyachi 2
Hachimantai
Akita, 2007
X. cristatum ?
var. uncinatum
51 x 48 μm
Uruguay, 1999
Xanthidium sp.
31 x 21 μm
Uruguay, 1999
X. octocorne ?
6 samples
2005-2008
