Genus: Cell body long cylindroid; a slight constriction at center; cross section of the semicells spherical, slightly swell at the center but without a folded structure as Docidium; slightly tapered toward both ends, which are truncated and smooth or surrounded by granules or various small structures; laterally straight or wavy, with spiny projections in some species; 2-10 ribbon-like chloroplasts in each semicell; with many pyrenoids; a vacuole containing active granules at both ends same as in Closterium; cell wall mostly dotted, but with spines or other patterns in some species (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).

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P. minutum -> Haplotaenium 30 samples 88-460 μm 1998-2008	P. baculoides 3 samples 395-402 μm L/W= 30.4-30.9 1998-2003	P. trabecula 47 samples 255-736 μm 1998-2008	P. simplicissimum 2 samples 628-660 x μm 2005-2006
P. repandum 550 x 40 μm Gyoda Saitama, 2001	P. repandum 364 x 30 μm Maimeno-ike Norikura highland Nagano, 2006	P. repandum ? 660 x 27 μm Kannon-numa f.p. Shimogo Fukushima, 2006	P. eugeneum or P. cylindricum ? 790 x 50 μm Uruguay, 1999
P. ehrenbergii 13 samples 303-550 μm 2000-2008	P. wallichianum 500 x 34 μm USA, 1999	P. nodosum 14 samples 300-505 μm 1999-2008	P. excelsum μm Kashibaru m. Karatsu Saga, 2008
P. kayei 340 x 46 μm Hiroshima, 1998 Movies	P. kayei μm Ko-numa 1 Minakami Gunma, 2008	P. granuliferum v. granuliferum Water field Kusu Oita, 2008	P. granuliferum v. abeanum Water field Kusu Oita, 2008
P. inermium 375 x 127 μm Uruguay, 1999	P. ovatum 230, 255, 265 μm Ikenokochi marsh Tsuruga Fukui, 2004	P. ovatum stock Ftsi-1 235 x 97 μm Ikenokochi marsh Tsuruga Fukui, 2004

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