Section [Margaritiferae]: Cell surface granulated, gnarled or spiny; semicells pyramidal with flattened apex or trapezoid (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Species [var. subcostatum]: Cell body 26-38 μm long, 23-32 μm wide, isthmus 6.5-12 μm.
[f. minor W. et G.S. West]: Cell body 19-26 μm long, 18-23 μm wide, isthmus 4.5-9 μm.

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C. subcostatum var. subcostatum 33 x 26 μm Ishinazaka Furukawa Miyagi, 2004

C. subcostatum f. minor 26 x 21 μm Ohnuma Nasu-shiobara Tochigi, 2006

C. subcostatum f. minor 21 x 16 μm Imou bog Toyohashi Aichi, 2004

C. subcostatum f. minor 17 x 16 μm Tane-ike Togakushi highland Nagano, 2005

Similar species -->> C. furcatospermum (18- μm); C. formosulum;

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