Genus: Colonies of 4 (or 2, 8, 16) cells attached side by side, arranged linearly or zigzag; cell body elliptical or spindle or crescent in shape; terminal cells with spiny projections in many species; cell wall usually smooth, but in some species granulated or dented or ridged (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Species: Colonies of 4 cells, arranging linearly; cell body spindle-shaped or elongated ellipsoidal, 10-22 μm long, 3-8.5 μm wide; longitudinal ridges on both sides, 2-3 short dented projections (1-1.5 μm long) at both ends (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).

S. brasiliensis cell 20-22 x 7 μm L/W=3.1 Uruguay, 1999	S. brasiliensis cell 15 x 5.5 μm L/W=2.7 Uruguay, 1999	S. brasiliensis cell 15 x 5.8 μm L/W=2.6 Koshigaya Saitama, 2001	S. brasiliensis cell 15 x 6 μm L/W=2.5 Sue-machi Fukuoka, 2001
S. brasiliensis cell 15 x 6 μm L/W=2.5 Kashiwa Chiba, 2002	S. brasiliensis cell 14 x 4.6 μm L/W=3.0 Nasu Tochigi, 2000	S. brasiliensis cell 12 x 3 μm L/W=4.0 Kayoicho-ike Fukuoka, 2001	S. brasiliensis cell 11 x 2.5 μm L/W=4.4 Kuroiso Tochigi, 2001
S. brasiliensis cell μm L/W= Numappara marsh Kuroiso Tochigi, 2003	S. brasiliensis cell 11-13 x 3.5 μm L/W= Numappara marsh Kuroiso Tochigi, 2007	S. brasiliensis cell 12-15 x 9 μm L/W= Name river Namegawa Saitama, 2004	S. brasiliensis cell 16-18 x 5-6 μm L/W= Higashi-sano Hakuba Nagano, 2004
S. brasiliensis cell 15 x 4 μm L/W= Imou bog Toyohashi Aichi, 2004	S. brasiliensis cell 14-15 x 4 μm water reservoir near Yamaguchi Univ. Yamaguchi, 2004	S. brasiliensis cell 14 x 3 μm Iroha-numa Zao mountain Yamagata, 2005	S. brasiliensis cell 13-15 x 5 μm Kisuge konuma Shimogo Fukushima, 2005

Similar species -->> S. acutiformis (no dented projections); S. carinatus (with spines); S. armatus (with spines, ridges incomplete);

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