Family: Unicells or colonies of non-fixed number of cells; cell body variable in shape; one or more chloroplasts variable in shape; asexual reproduction by autospore or autocoenobium (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977).
Genus: Cell body elongated spindle in shape, straight or curved, sharply pointed at both ends; (Guide book to the "Photomicrographs of the Freshwater Algae", 1998).

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Cell body thin, long: L/W > 20		Cell body thick, short: L/W < 20
13 samples		22 samples
M. griffithii 72-88 x 3-4 μm L/W=20-31 1997-2004	M. griffithii 72-88 x 3-4 μm L/W=20-31 1997-2004	M. litorale 22-48 x 3-5 μm L/W=7-11 1999-2001	M. litorale 22-48 x 3-5 μm L/W=7-11 1999-2001
Daughter cells attached each other		Cell body very small
13 samples		4 samples
Monoraphidium sp.1 41-62 μm L/W=10-21 2001-2004	Monoraphidium sp.1 41-62 μm L/W=10-21 2001-2004	M. lunare 7.5-19 x 2-5 μm L/W=2-9.5 2001-2004	M. lunare 7.5-19 x 2-5 μm L/W=2-9.5 2001-2004
Both ends tapered		Cell body twisted
2 samples		10 samples
M. komarkovae ?? cell body large no pyrenoids 125 x 7 μm L/W=18 Ueno Tokyo, 2001	Monoraphidium sp.2 ? cell body small two pyrenoids 66 x 3 μm L/W=22 Ueno Tokyo, 2001	M. contortum ? 25-80 x 1.5-5 μm 1997-2005	M. contortum ? 25-80 x 1.5-5 μm 1997-2005
Monoraphidium ? 30 x 3 μm L/W=10 History & folk m. Tajima Fukushima, 2004

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