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Gamophyceae: Zygnematales: Desmidiaceae

Staurastrum

Subgenus: Prostaurastrum

Family: Cell wall with 2 or more partitions
Subfamily: Cell division occurs at central constriction

Genus: Cell body short, radiate in shape; apical view of the cell, triangular, polygonal, ellipsoidal or spindle-shaped; zygospores formed outside of mother cells
Subgenus: lacks arm-like projections (Illustrations of The Japanese Fresh-water Algae, 1977)
Section: Schaerichastrum (Cell wall smooth, without spiny projections)
Staurastrum cosmarioides
S. cosmarioides
109 x 67 μm
Imou bog
Toyohashi
Aichi, 2004
Staurastrum muticum
S. muticum
11 samples
3 projections
surf. smooth
1999-2006
Staurastrum
S. orbiculare
22 samples
3 projections
1999-2008
Staurastrum
S. orbiculare ?
26 x 24 μm
Tanohara marsh
Shiga highland
Nagano, 2004
Staurastrum sp.
cell μm
Japan, 1998
Staurastrum habeebense
S. habeebense
= Actinotaenium
7 samples
38-43 x 27-38 μm
2002-2008
Staurastrum
S. coarctatum
4 samples
19-32 x 23-32 μm
2005-2008
Staurastrum bieneanum
S. bieneanum
v. orientale
μm
Kannon-numa
Fukushima, 2008
Staurastrum subgrande
S. subgrande
3 samples
x 15-22 μm
2006-2007
Staurastrum pachyrhynchum
S. pachyrhynchum
4 arms type
x 26 μm
Kannon-numa
Fukushima, 2008
Staurastrum
S. clepsydra
18 x μm
Chigo-ike 2
Shiga highland
Nagano, 2008
Staurastrum
Staurastrum sp.
17 x 11 μm
Kaga
Ishikawa, 2000
Section: Odontastrum (Cell wall granulated, without spines at corners)
Staurastrum punctulatum
S. punctulatum
35 samples
semicell twisted
diamond-elliptic
1998-2008
Staurastrum alternans
S. alternans
14 samples
semicell twisted
long elliptic
1999-2007
Staurastrum alternans
S. alternans
14 samples
semicell twisted
diamond-shaped
1999-2007
Staurastrum lapponicum
S. lapponicum
17 samples
not twisted
long elliptic
1999-2008
Staurastrum dispar
S. dispar
16 samples
27-37 x μm
2003-2008
Staurastrum
S. dilatatum
v. dilatatum
v. hibernicum
8 samples
26-40 μm
2001-2007
Staurastrum
S. varians
2 samples
31-34 x μm
Japan, 2004
Section: Spinastrum (With spiny projections at corners, cell wall smooth)
= genus Staurodesmus
Staurastrum longispinum
S. longispinum
3 samples
60-78 x 60-65 μm
Ushidome-ike
Norikura highland
Nagano, 2005-7
Staurastrum
S. connatum
28 samples
18-39 x μm
1998-2008
Staurastrum
S. apiculatum
4 samples
19 x 20 μm
spines μm
1999-2008
Staurastrum dickiei
S. dickiei
3 samples
21-31 x μm
spines μm
199-2005
Staurastrum
S. cuspidatum
7 samples
18-25 x μm
2004-2007
Staurastrum
S. bifidum
4 samples
x 30-31 μm
1998-2008
Staurastrum
Staurastrum sp.
S. pseudobiretum ?
small var.
24 x 25 μm
Uruguay, 1999
Staurastrum
S.leptodermum ?
x 31 μm
Onnenai
Kushiro marsh
Hokkaido, 2005
Staurastrum subscolopacinum
S.subscolopacinum
19 x 16 μm
spines 5 μm
Koshigaya
Saitama, 2001
Staurastrum
S. dejectum
20 x 20 μm
spines 7 μm
4 arms
Otto-Numa
Ibaraki, 2002
Staurastrum subscolopacinum
Staurastrum sp.
S. dejectum ?
3 arms
Otto-Numa
Ibaraki, 2002
Staurastrum wandae
S. wandae
v. brevispinum
11 samples
23-30 μm
2005-2008
Staurastrum
S. contectum
v. inevolutum
36 x 34 μm
Onnenai
Kushiro marsh
Hokkaido, 2005
Section: Granuliformes (With spiny projections at corners, cell wall granulated)
Staurastrum avicula
S. avicula
v. subarcuatum
8 samples
21-24 x μm
2003-2007
Staurastrum denticulatum
S. denticulatum
2 samples
?? x 28 μm
Japan, 2006
Staurastrum lunatum
S. lunatum
6 samples
28-33 μm
Furukawa
2003-2007
Staurastrum
Staurastrum sp.
29 x 28 μm
Satsunai river
Obihiro
Hokkaido, 2005
Section: Raphidiastrum (With spiny projections at corners, cell wall covered with many spines)
Spines restricted only around corners or rare and dispersed
Staurastrum
S. subteliferum
4 samples
x 33-35 μm
1999-2008
Staurastrum
S. hystrix
18 samples
23-28 x μm
2004-2008
Staurastrum echinatum
S. echinatum
3 samples
x 28 μm
2003-2006
Staurastrum simonyi
S. simonyi
33 samples
19-26 x μm
2003-2008
Spines many, covering whole surface of semicells
Staurastrum teliferum
S. teliferum
6 samples
22-37 x μm
2005-2008
Staurastrum kouwetsii
S. kouwetsii
9 samples
42-50 x μm
2003-2007
Staurastrum brebissonii
S. brebissonii
= S. pilosum
9 samples
42-50 x μm
2003-2008
Staurastrum
S. hirsutum
10 samples ?
23-45 μm
2004-2007
Staurastrum gladiosum
S. gladiosum ?
48 x μm
Kareki-numa
Nikko
Tochigi, 2008
Staurastrum
S. gurgeliense
μm
Miyatoko m.4
Minami-Aizu
Fukushima, 2008
Staurastrum
Staurastrum sp.
μm
Kareki-numa
Nikko
Tochigi, 2008
Section: Aciculiformes (With warts or short projections at corners)
Staurastrum
S. subaciculiferum
25 x 23 μm
Ukishima marsh
Tsugaike highland
Nagano, 2006
Staurastrum
S. subaciculiferum?
μm
arms
Takamatsu
Kagawa, 2002
Staurastrum
S. subaciculiferum ?
15 x 17 μm
Koigakubo marsh
Tessei-cho
Okayama, 2004
Staurastrum
S. aciculiferum
22 x 20 μm
Mida-ga-hara 6
Gassan (mt)
Yamagata, 2006
Staurastrum
S. aciculiferum
22 x 20 μm
near Mida-ga-hara
Gassan (mt)
Yamagata, 2006
Section: Rutidiastrum (Semicells with lines of warts)
Semicells elliptical or similar shaped Semicells trapezoid
Staurastrum oxyrhynchum
S. oxyrhynchum
v. oxyrhynchum
μm
Kejo-numa
Furukawa
Miyagi, 2003
Staurastrum
S. mutilatum
52 x 48 μm
Kejo-numa 1
Osaki
Miyagi, 2006
Staurastrum
S. scabrum
5 samples
x 28-42 μm
2004-2007
Staurastrum scabrum
S. scabrum ?
4 samples
x 28-42 μm
2004-2006
Staurastrum
Staurastrum sp.
S. mutilatum ?
39 x 33 μm
Ohnuma
Nasu-shiobara
Tochigi, 2007
Section: Stellatiformes (Semicells with lines of spines)
Marginal projections present at both anterior and lateral sides of semicells
Staurastrum forficulatum
S. forficulatum
21 samples
28-50 x μm
2003-2008
Staurastrum
S. forficulatum
21 samples
28-50 x μm
2003-2008
Staurastrum senarium
S. senarium
11 samples
21-33 x μm
1998-2008
Marginal projections present only at anterior side of semicells
Staurastrum subavicula
S. subavicula
5 samples
25-32 x μm
2003-2007
Staurastrum furcatum
S. furcatum
6 samples
26-28 x 27-30 μm
2003-2006
Staurastrum
S. monticulosum ?
v. bidens ??
23 x 21 μm
Tanohara marsh
Shiga highland
Nagano, 2004
Staurastrum monticulosum
S. monticulosum ?
v. bidens ??
35 x 30 μm
Tanohara marsh
Shiga highland
Nagano, 2004
Staurastrum monticulosum
S. monticulosum ?
v. bidens ??
μm
Chigo-ike
Shiga highland
Nagano, 2008

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Staurastrum
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